Clouded Leophard is Beautiful Animal

Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) is a felid found from the Himalayan foothills through mainland Southeast Asia into China, and has been classified as vulnerable by the IUCN in 2008. Total population size suspected to be less than 10,000 adults, with a decline in the population and there is no single population of more than 1,000 people dewasa.Tingkat Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) found in Sumatra and Borneo are genetically distinct and treated as a separate species since 2,006

Leopard fur is gray or ochreous-dark base color, most often black and extinguished by dark blackish-gray blotched pattern. There are black spots on the head, and ears black. Some fused or broken line running from the corner of the eye on the cheek, from the corners of the mouth to the neck, and along the neck to the shoulder. Patches extending directly down the spine and form a median individual in the waist. Two large patches of dark blackish-gray hair on each side of the shoulder posterior emphasized by the dark line, which goes to the front legs and the rest came to the disorganization.

Belt is characterized by dark blackish-gray spots irregular borders left long, irregular lines curved or tilted circular. These patches produce hazy pattern suggests English name from the cat. The hamster and feet are visible, and the tail is marked with spots large irregular pairs.

Melanistic leopards are rare. Tigers star has a weight between 11.5 and 23 kg (25 and 51 lb). Different women in head-to-body length from 68.6 to 94 cm (27.0 to 37 in), with a 61-82 cm (24 to 32 in) long tail. Larger males at 81-108 cm (32 to 43) with a 74-91 cm (29-36 in) high tail.Their shoulder length varies from 50 to 55 cm (20 to 22 in).Stumpy legs, with paws wide. They have very long, pierced canine teeth on the creature about three times longer than basal width of the spouse socket.The canines can measure 4 cm (1.6 in) or more.

Leopards occur from the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal and India to Myanmar, Bhutan, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Indochina, and the Yangtze River in southern China. They occur slightly in forest-green mixture northeastern and southeastern parts of Bangladesh, and regionally extinct in Taiwan.They prefer open or closed habitat-forest to other habitat types. They have been reported from relatively open forest, dry tropical in Myanmar and Thailand.

In India occurred in northern West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. In Assam they have been observed in the wild but not yet recorded in protected areas. In their Himalayan camera-trapped at a height of 2.500 to 3.720 m (8.200 to 12.200 ft) between April 2008 and May 2010 in Khangchendzonga Biosphere Park, Sikkim.

Leopards are believed to have gone extinct in Nepal, which published the last entry of 1863. But in 1987 and 1988, four people were found in the southern part of the country, near the National Park of Chitwan and Pokhara Valley. These findings extend their known range to the west shows that they can survive and breed in degraded forest and scrub previously backed semi-humid subtropical forest leaves.

Leopards are the most talented climbers in the cat. In captivity, they have been observed to descend tree trunks head first vertically, and place on the branch with their hind legs bent around branchings of a tree branch. They are able supinasi and can even hang down from the branches just by bending their hind legs and their tails around them.

When jumping down, they still depend on the branch in this way until the last minute. They can climb on the horizontal arm with their backs to the ground, and in this position to make short jumps forward. While balancing on a thin branch, they use their long tails to direct. They can easily jump up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) high.

Leopards have been observed to scent mark in captivity by urine spraying and head-rubbing on prominent objects. Presumably the norm used to mark their territory in the wild, although the size of their home range is not known. Like other big cats, they do not appear can purr, but they reportedly have various vokalisasi, including mew, hiss, growl, groan, grunt and. Aside from the information derived from the observation leopards captivity, little is known about the natural history and behavior in the wild.

Early accounts describe them as rare, secret dwellers, arboreal and nocturnal of dense primary forest. More recent observations indicate that they may be arboreal and nocturnal as previously suspected. They can use the tree as a waste site day time but also spend a significant proportion of time in the field. Some movement during the day has been observed that they were not really but dull night. However, the time of day when they are active depending on the prey, and the level of human disturbance.

Their behavior and remote part of the night off, low density, and the fact that they inhabit dense vegetation habitats and countryside make it through leopard census and monitoring extremely difficult. As a result, little is known about their behavior and status. Information available on their ecology is anecdotal, based on local interviews and reports of several sightings.

Regional tour only been estimated in Thailand:

• Four radio-necked people in Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary from April 2000 to March 2003. Home range of two women is 25.7 km2 (9.9 sq mi) and 22.9 km 2 (8.8 sq mi), and two males 29.7 km2 (11.5 sq mi) and 49.1 km 2 (19.0 sq mi ).
• Two are radio-necked for 1997-1999 study at Khao Yai National Park. Home range of females is 39.4 km2 (15.2 sq mi), of a man 42 km2 (16 sq mi). The two men have a core area of ​​2.9 km2 (1.1 sq mi).

Little is known about the feeding ecology of leopards. Prey includes arboreal and terrestrial vertebrates good. Pocock surmise that they are adapted to feed on herbivorous mammals in abundance enough for them to build a strong, deep penetrating bite them, evidenced by their long canine teeth. Confirmed prey species including deer pig, lemur, brush-tailed porcupines, and ground squirrels Indochina Malayan soil. Prey species are known in China, including deer and birds. Captive leopards also eat eggs and some vegetation.

Indian Leopard is Wild Animal

Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) is a leopard subspecies widely distributed on the Indian subcontinent and is classified as near threatened by the IUCN since 2008. Panthera pardus species may soon qualify for Vulnerable status due to habitat loss and fragmentation, heavy poaching for illegal trade of skins and body parts of Asia, and persecution because of a conflict situation. They are becoming increasingly rare outside protected areas. Tendency population declined.

In 1794, Friedrich Albrecht Anton Meyer wrote the first description of Felis fusca, in which he gave an account panther-like cat from Bengal from about 85.5 cm (33.7 in), with strong legs and a well-formed tail length, head as much, The panther wide nozzle, short ears and small, yellowish gray eyes, light bulb eyes gray, black at first glance, but on closer inspection a dark brown with spots dark circles, under red colored pale.

India leopard Men grow between 4 ft 2 in (127 cm) and 4 ft 8 in (142 cm) in body size by 2 feet 6 inches (76 cm) to 3 ft (91 cm) long tail and weigh between 110 and £ 170 (50 and 77 kg). Smaller females grow between 3 ft 5 in (104 cm) and 3 ft 10 in (117 cm) in body size by 2 feet 6 inches (76 cm) to 2 ft 10.5 in (87.6 cm) long tail and weigh between 64 and 75 lb (29 and 34 kg).

In the Indian subcontinent, topographic barriers to the spread of this subspecies is the Indus River in the west, and the Himalayas in the north. In the east, the course of the Brahmaputra and the Ganges Delta formed a natural barrier to the distribution of leopards Indochina. Indian leopards are distributed throughout India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and parts of Pakistan. In sympatric with their Himalayan snow leopards to 5,200 meters (17,100 feet) above sea level. They inhabit tropical rain forests, dry autumn forest, temperate forests and northern coniferous forests but does not occur in the Sundarbans mangrove forest.

In Nepal Bardia National Park, the home ranges of male leopards consists of approximately 48 km2 (19 sq mi), and females around 17 km2 (6.6 sq mi), female tour region dropped to 5 to 7 km2 (1.9 - 2.7 sq mi) when they have young cubs.In Sariska National Park, India leopards diet including axis deer, sambar deer, Nilgai, wild boar, common langur, rabbits and peacocks.

Fantastica African Leophard

The African Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) is a leopard subspecies occurring in most of sub-Saharan Africa. In 2008, leopards classified as Near Threatened IUCN, said that they will soon qualify for Vulnerable status due to habitat loss and fragmentation. They are becoming increasingly rare outside protected areas. Tendency population declined.

African Leopards show a great variation in coat color, depending on location and habitat. The coat color varies from pale yellow to brownish yellow or gold, and sometimes black, and patterned with black roses, while the head, lower leg and stomach looks with solid black color. Greater male leopards, the average 60 kg (130 lb) to 91 kg (200 lb) be the maximum weight attained by men. Women weighing about 35 to 40 kg (77-88 lb) on average.Between 1996 and 2000, 11 adult leopards radio-necked in Namibia farmland. Men weighed 37.5 to 52.3 kg (83-115 lb) only, and women from 24 to 33.5 kg (53-74 lb).

Leopards inhabit the mountains of Cape Province appear physically different from leopards further north. Their average weight may be only half of the more northern leopard.

Used African leopards occur in most of sub-Saharan Africa, occupying good rain forests and arid desert habitats. They are found in all habitats with annual rainfall above 50 mm (2.0 in), and can penetrate areas with less than this amount of rainfall along the river flow. They revolve very up to 5,700 m (18,700 ft), was seen in the high slopes of the Ruwenzori and Virunga volcanoes, and observed when drinking hot water 37 ° C (99 ° F) in the Virunga National Park.

They appear to be successfully adapted to the changing natural habitats and living environment without persecution. There are many records of their presence near major cities. But already in 1980, they have become rare in much of West Africa. Now, they remain patchily distributed in North Africa limits.In history, small relict populations remain in the Atlas Mountains of Morocco.

African leopards inhabited a variety of habitats in Africa, from mountain forests to grasslands and savannas, including only very sandy desert. They are the most at risk in the area of ​​semi-desert, where the rare resources often leads to conflict with farmers, nomads and their livestock.

Leopards are generally most active between sunrise and sunset, and kill prey more current. In the Kruger National Park, leopards, male and female cheetah with her relatively more active at night than solitary females. The highest level recorded for daytime activities leopards using thorn bushes during the rainy season, while impala are also using them.

They have a remarkable ability to adapt to changes in the availability of prey, and have a very broad pattern of eating. Small prey taken where large ungulates less common. Victims range from leopard known dirt to Elands adult beetles, which can reach 900 kg (2,000 lb). In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 92 prey species have been documented in their diet, including rodents, birds, small and large antelopes, hyraxes and hares, and arthropods. They generally focus their hunting activity on locally abundant secondary ungulata species in 20 to 80 kg (44 to 180 lb) range, while opportunistic take another victim. Average distance between ungulata kill ranged between seven and 12 to 13 days.

In Serengeti National Park, leopards are radio-mobilized for the first time in early 1970. They hunt at night was tough to watch, the best time to see them after dawn. From their 64 day shoot only three are successful. In the forest, they preyed mostly in impala, both adults and youth, and the deer a few Thomson in the dry season. Sometimes, they managed to hunt wild boar, sister-sister, Reedbuck, Duiker, calves Steenbok, and reindeer hats, jackal, rabbit, guinea fowl and starlings. They were less successful in hunting zebra, kongonis, giraffe, fox, genet, hyraxes and small birds. scavenging from large animal carcasses comprise a small portion of their food. In tropical rain forests in Central Africa, their food consists of small duikers and primates. Some individual leopards have shown a strong preference for pangolins and porcupines.

Leopard-men often kill large cache in a tree, the behavior of the great strength required. There are several observations leopards transporting young giraffe carcass, estimated to weigh up to 125 kg (280 lb), which is 2-3 times the weight of leopards, up to 5.7 m (19 feet) into the tree.

Their diet includes reptiles, and they will occasionally take domestic livestock when other foods are scarce. Leopards are very hidden and as close trailing and running with a relatively short distance after their prey. They kill by suffocation by grabbing their prey by the throat and bite with their powerful jaws. They rarely fight other predators for their food.

Sperm Whaler The Largest Of Toothed whales

Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is the largest of the toothed whales. This is a life member of the genus Physeter, and one of three extant species in the sperm whale family, along with pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whales of the genus Kogia. A marine mammals, it has the largest brain of animals. Its name comes from the milky-white substance candles, spermaseti, was found in a very large head.

An adult male can grow up to 20.5 meters (67 feet) in length, with his head representing up to one-third of the length of the animal. Whales feed primarily on squid and colossal monsters. Falls to 3 kilometers (9,800 ft) to its prey, it is the deepest diving mammal. Vocalization pressing, echolocation and communication forms, can be as hard as 230 decibels underwater, until a loud voice, produced by any animal.

Cosmopolitan sperm whales that live in the ocean in a group called social unit. Unit of women and their children live separately from adult male sexually. The girls are working together to protect and nurse their young. Females give birth every three to six years, and care for the calves for more than a decade. Live up to 70 years, mature sperm whale has few natural predators. Calves and adults with weakened taken by pod Orcas.

From the early 18th century through the 20's are the main target species of whale hunters. Head whale contains substances called "spermaceti", which is used in lubricants, oil lamps, and candles. Ambergris, waste products from the digestive system, still used as fiksatif in perfume. Sometimes the large size of sperm whales are allowed to defend themselves effectively against whale hunters. This species is now protected by law, and is currently listed as vulnerable by the IUCN

Sperm whale is the largest toothed whale, with adult-sized males up to 20.5 meters (67 feet) long and weighing up to 57,000 kilograms (56 tons long, 63 short tons). In contrast, the second largest toothed whale, Baird's beaked whales measuring 12.8 meters (42 feet) and weigh up to 15 tons short (14,000 kg). The Nantucket whaling Museum has a 5.5 meter (18 foot) long jaw. Museum claims that this individual is 80 feet (24 m) long, whale drown Essex (one of the incidents behind Moby-Dick) was charged with 85 feet (26 m). A similar measure was reported from the jaw bone from the British Museum of Natural History. A 67-foot specimens are also reported from the Soviet whaling fleet near the Kuril Islands in the summer of 1965. However, there are discrepancies regarding man claims that approaches or exceeds 80 feet (24 m) long.

Average sizes	Length	Weight
Bull	16 metres (52 ft)	41,000 kilograms (40 long tons; 45 short tons)
Cow	11 metres (36 ft)	14,000 kilograms (14 long tons; 15 short tons)
Newborn	4 metres (13 ft)	1,000 kilograms (0.98 long ton; 1.1 short tons)

Extensive whaling may experience a decrease of their size, as the man who highly sought after, especially after World War II. Today, men are usually not more than 18.3 meters (60 feet) in length or 51,000 kilograms (50 tons long, 56 short tons) in weight. Another view states that exploitation by overwhaling has almost no effect on the size of a bull sperm whale, and their size may have really improved in the current time on the basis of density dependent effects.

This is one of the most sexually dimorphic from around the Cetacea. At birth both sexes are about the same size, but adult males are usually 30% to 50% longer and three times more likely to be female.

Unique body of sperm whales may not be puzzled with other species. Special form of sperm whale comes from a very large head, block-shaped, which can be one-quarter to one-third of the length of the animal. The S-shaped blowhole is located very close to the front of the head and shifted to the whale left. It gives a special heavy spray, advanced-elbow.

Sperm whale worms are round and very thick. Pope worm burdens lifted out of the water for diving from eating. It has a series of third knob on the back of the tail and not the shape of dorsal fin. Largest ridge called the 'hump' by whale hunters, and can be mistaken for dorsal fin because of its shape and size.

In contrast to the delicate skin of most large whales, the dorsal skin is usually wrinkled and has been likened to prune by whale-watching enthusiasts. Albinos also have been reported.

Humpback Whale The Second Biggest Animal in World

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a species of baleen whale. One of the great Rorqual species, adult length ranges from 12-16 meters (39-52 ft) and weigh approximately 36,000 kilograms (79,000 pounds). Slouching is a special body shape, with very long pectoral fins and a knobbly head. An acrobatic animals are due to a violation and slapped the water with his tail and pectorals, it is popular with whale observers from Australia, New Zealand, South America, Canada, and the United States.

Men produce a complex song that lasts 10 to 20 minutes, which they repeat for hours at a time. The purpose is not clear, although it may have a role in mating.

Found in oceans and seas around the world, humpback whales typically migrate up to 25,000 kilometers (16,000 miles) per year. Humpbacks feed only in summer, in polar waters, and migrate to tropical or subtropical waters to breed and give birth in the winter. During the winter, humpbacks fast and live from their fat recommendations. Their diet consists mainly of krill and small fish. Humpbacks feeding method has a wide repertoire, including the bubble net feeding technique.

Like other large whales, humpback was and is a target for the whaling industry. Once hunted to the brink of extinction, the population was down to 90% predicted before the moratorium was introduced in 1966. While stocks since recovered some of the bond in the capture tool, collisions with ships, and noise pollution continues to have an impact on 80,000 humpbacks worldwide.

A humpback whale can easily be identified by a stocky body with a clear hump and black dorsal coloring. The head and lower jaw are covered with knobs called tubercle, which is the hair follicles, and the characteristics of the species. Fluked tails, the lift on the surface in some dive sequence, have wavy edges left. Four global populations, all under study, namely: the North Pacific, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean humpbacks, which have different populations of migratory journey complete rotation every year, and the population of the Indian Ocean, which do not migrate, prevented by the North Sea coast.

The long black and white tail fin, which can be up to one third of the body length, and pectoral fins have unique patterns, which make individual whales identifiable. Several hypotheses attempt to explain the humpback's pectoral fins, which are proportionally the longest fins any cetacean. Two most enduring mention the higher maneuver provided by the fin length, and use of the increased surface area for temperature control when migrating between warm and cold climates.

Humpbacks have dark 270-400 Balin pancakes on each side of their mouth. Plate size of 18 inches only (46 cm) in front to about 3 feet (0.91 m) long in the back, behind the hinge. Ventral groove running from the lower jaw to umbilikus about half way along the bottom of the pope. This groove is much less abundant (usually 14 to 22) compared to other rorqual but wide enough.

Dorsal fin immediately after shot looks fatter when whales surface, but lost as worms appear. Humpbacks have 3 meters (9.8 feet), heart shaped to bushy blow, or breathing water through the spray holes. Because humpback whales breathe voluntarily, the Pope might turn off only half of their brain during sleep. Early hunters shot pontiff also recorded from humpback adults to be 10-20 feet (3.0 to 6.1 m) high.

Newborn calf about long head of their mother. At birth, the calf measured 20 feet (6.1 m) in the 2 short tons (1.8 t) The mother, by comparison, about 50 feet (15 m). They nurse for about six months, then mix nursing and independent feeding for six months with possibility. Milk is 50% fat slouching and pink.

Females reach sexual maturity at the age of five, achieving full adult size a little later. Men reach sexual maturity at around seven years. Humpback whales range from 45 to 100 year life span. Fully grown, males average 13-14 m (43-46 ft). Women are slightly larger at 15-16 m (49-52 ft), the largest specimen ever recorded is 19 meters (62 feet) long and have pectoral fins measuring 6 meters (20 feet), respectively. Body mass are usually in the range of 25 to 30 metric tons (28 to 33 short tons), with large specimens weighing more than 40 metric tons (44 short tons). Females have a hemispherical lobe about 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter in her genital area. This visually distinguish men and women. Male penis usually remains hidden in the genital slit.

Blue Whale The Biggest Animal in World

The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal belonging to the suborder Baleen whales (pronounced Mysticeti). At 30 meters (98 feet) in length and 170 tons (190 short tons) or more in weight, it is the largest known animal ever.

Long and slender, the blue whale body can be various shades of bluish gray under the lighter and somewhat dorsal. At least there are three different subspecies: B. m. musculus from the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia of the Southern Ocean and B. m. brevicauda (also known as the pygmy blue whale) found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. B. m. indica, found in the Indian Ocean, may be another subspecies. As with other Balin whales, eating pattern consists almost exclusively of small crustaceans known as krill.

Blue whales are very abundant in nearly all oceans on Earth until the early twentieth century. For more than a century, they were hunted until near extinction by whale hunters to be protected by the international community in 1966. A report in 2002 estimated that there are 5.000 to 12,000 blue whales worldwide, located in at least five groups. More recent studies into the Pygmy subspecies may play down this show. Before whaling, the largest population was in the Antarctic, with a total estimated 239,000 (202,000 to reach 311,000). There is a balance that only a fraction (about 2,000) focuses on every eastern North Pacific, Antarctic, and Indian Ocean groups. There are two groups in the North Atlantic, and at least two in the southern hemisphere.

Description and Behaviour

The blue whale has a long tapering body that appears stretched in comparison with other whales stocky build. The head is flat, U-shaped and has a prominent dorsal blowhole on the run from the upper lip. The front of the plate thick mouth Balin; around 300 plates (each around one meter (3.2 feet) long) hang from the upper jaw, running 0.5 m (1.6 ft) back into the mouth. Between 70 and 118 grooves (called ventral folds) run along the throat parallel to the length of the body. These pleats help evacuate water from the mouth after eating Lunge (see feed below).

Small dorsal fin, beginning at an altitude of 8-70 centimeters (3.1 to 28 in.) (usually 20 to 40 centimeters (7.9 to 16 in.)) and on average about 28 cm (11 in) This. Visible only briefly during dive sequence. Located about three quarters of the way along the body, is different in shape from one person to another, some just have a bump barely visible, but others may have prominent and falcate (sickle-shaped) dorsals. When the surface to breathe, the blue whale raises shoulder and blowhole out of the water to a greater extent than other large whales, such as fin or sei whales. Observers can use this trait to differentiate between species at sea. Some blue whales in the North Atlantic and North Pacific increase its tail fluke when diving. When breathing, whales emit amazing singles-field vertical spout up to 12 meters (39 feet), usually 9 meters (30 feet). Lung capacity is 5,000 liters (1,320 U.S. gallons). The blue whale has a double spray holes protected by a large splashguard.

Fins are 3-4 meters (9.8 to 13 feet) long. The top in gray with white barring thin, white underside. Head and tail fluke are generally uniformly gray. The top of the whale, and sometimes fins, usually speckled. Level spots substantially differ from individual to individual. Some people may have a uniform gray color, but others had variations enough dark, gray-blue, and black, all speckled closely.

Blue whales can reach speeds of 50 kilometers per hour (31 mph) over short bursts, usually when interacting with other whales, but 20 kilometers per hour (12 mph) is more typical traveling speed. While eating, they slow down to 5 miles per hour (mph 3.1).

Blue whales most commonly live alone or with one other person. Is not known how long traveling pairs stay together. In locations where there is a high concentration of food, as much as 50 blue whales were seen scattered in a small area. They do not form a large, close group Balin seen in other species.

Physical Description

The blue whale is the largest animal ever known to have the largest dinosaur known from the Mesozoic Era lived.The is Argentinosaurus, which is estimated to weigh up to 90 metric tons (99 short tons).

The blue whale is difficult to weigh because of their size. As is the case with large whales targeted by whale hunters, adult blue whale has never been weighed whole, but cut into pieces dealt with first. This causes underestimate total weight of whales, because of the loss of blood and other fluids. Nevertheless, measurements between 150-170 metric tons (170-190 short tons) recorded animals up to 27 meters (89 feet) long. Individual weight of 30 meters (98 feet) long believed by the American National Marine mammals Laboratory (NMML) to more than 180 metric tons (200 short tons). Largest blue whale accurately weighed by NMML scientists to date was a woman who weighs 177 metric tons (195 short tons). As a whole, the blue whale of the North Atlantic and Pacific looks smaller than the average of those from sub-Antarctic waters.

There is some uncertainty about the biggest blue whale ever found, as most data comes from blue whales killed in Antarctic waters during the first half of the twentieth century, and collected by whale hunters are inexperienced in standard zoological measurement techniques. Heaviest whale ever recorded weighed in at 190 metric tons (210 short tons). The longest whales ever recorded two females measuring 33.6 meters (110 feet) and 33.3 meters (109 feet), although in none of these cases is the weight gradually collected. The longest whale measured by scientists at the NMML was 29.9 meters (98 feet), the woman caught in the Antarctic by Japanese whale hunters in 1946-1947. Lieutenant. Quentin R. Walsh, USCG, while acting as inspectors whaling factory ship Ulysses, validated measurement of 30 m (98 ft) pregnant blue whales caught in the Antarctic in 1937-38 season. The longest reported in the North Pacific is 27.1 meters (89 feet) female taken by Japanese whale hunters in 1959, and reportedly the longest in the North Atlantic is 28.1 meters (92 feet) female caught in Davis Strait.

Because of the large size, several organs of the blue whale is the largest in the animal kingdom. Blue whales tongue weighs around 2.7 metric tons (3.0 short tons) and, when fully expanded, its mouth is large enough to store up to 90 metric tons (99 short tons) of food and water. Although the size of the mouth, throat dimensions such that a blue whale can not swallow an object wider than a beach ball. His heart weight 600 kg (1,300 lb) and is the largest known in any animal. A blue whale aorta is about 23 cm (9.1 in) with him.  During the first seven months of her life, the blue whale calf drinks approximately 400 liters (110 USgal) of milk every day. Blue whale calf weight quickly, as much as 90 kilograms (200 pounds) every 24 hours. Even at birth, they weigh up to 2,700 kilograms (6,000 lb)-the same as that already adult hippopotamus. The blue whale has a brain relatively small, only about 6.92 kilograms (15.26 pounds), about 0.007% of body weight

Emperor Penguin is The Big Penguin Species

The Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica. Men and women are equal in the fur and size, reaching 122 cm (48 in) tall and weigh anywhere from 22 to 45 kg (49-99 lb). Dorsal side and head are black and sharp reflected from the breast, white belly pale-yellow and bright-yellow ear patches. Like all penguins to fly, with slender bodies, and rigid wings and flattened into flippers for a marine habitat.

Diet consists mainly of fish, but can also include crustaceans, such as krill, and squid, like cuttlefish. In hunting, the species can remain submerged up to 18 minutes, diving to a depth of 535 m (1,755 ft). It has several adaptations to facilitate this, including normal hemoglobin structured to allow for work at low oxygen levels, strong bones to reduce barotrauma, and the ability to reduce metabolism and shut down non-essential organ functions.

The Emperor Penguin is perhaps best known for the sequence of trips made each year adults to mate and to feed their children. The only penguin species that breed during the Antarctic winter, it treks 50-120 km (31-75 miles) on the ice for the colony that could include thousands of individuals. Females lay a egg, which was incubated by the male while females return to the sea to feed, parents then take turns foraging at sea and treat their chickens in the colony. Age 20 years usually in the wild, although observations indicate that some individuals may live up to 50 years.

Emperor Penguin adults stand to 110-130 cm (43-51 in) high. Weight ranges from 22.7 to 45.4 kg (50 to 100 lb) and varies by sex, with males weighing more than females. This is the fifth heaviest living species of birds, after only deviations greater than ratite. Weight also varies by season, as both male and female penguins lose substantial mass will raising hatchlings and incubating eggs. A male Emperor penguin must withstand the Antarctic cold for more than two months to protect his eggs from extreme cold. During this entire time he does not eat anything. Most male penguins will lose about 12 kg (26 lb) while they wait for their babies to hatch. Average weight of male in the early mating season is 38 kg (84 lb) and that woman is 29.5 kg (65 lb). After the mating season is down to 23 kg (51 lb) for both sexes.

Like all penguin species, the Emperor has a streamlined body to minimize barriers while swimming, and wings that have become stiff, flat flippers. The tongue is equipped with rear-facing barbs to prevent prey from escaping when caught. Males and females are similar in size and coloring. The adults have a black dorsal feathers deep, covering the head, chin, throat, back, dorsal part of the flippers, and tail. The sharp black feather plumage light reflected from elsewhere. The hamster from the wings and belly are white, becoming pale yellow on the upper breast, while the ear patches are bright yellow. Upper mandible of the 8 cm (3 in.) long black bill, and the lower mandible can be pink, orange or purple. In adolescence, auricularis patch, chin and throat are white, while the bill is black.The Emperor Penguin chick is usually covered with silver-gray down and has a black head and white mask. A girl with white feathers found in 2001, but not considered to be albino because do not have pink eye. Chicks weigh around 315 g (11 oz) after hatching, and fledge when they reach about 50% of the adult weight.

The Emperor Penguin feathers dark brown faded from November to February, before the yearly moult in January and February. Moulting occurs rapidly in this species compared with other birds, taking only around 34 days. Emperor Penguin feathers emerge from the skin after they have grown-third of their total length, and before old feathers are lost, to help reduce heat loss. New feathers then push out the old before completing their growth.

Survival level annual average of the Emperor Penguin has been measured at 95.1%, with average life expectancy of 19.9 years. The same researchers estimated that 1% of Emperor Penguins hatched could feasibly reach the age of 50. In contrast, only 19% of chicks survive their first year of life. Therefore, 80% of the Emperor Penguin population comprises adults five years and older.

Little Penguin The Unique Animal

The Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin. Penguin, which normally grow to an average of 33 cm (13 in) high and 43 cm (17 in) long (although specific measurements vary according to subspecies), is found on the southern coast of Australia and New Zealand, with possible records from Chile.

In addition to small Penguins, they have several common names. In Australia, they are also referred to as Fairy Penguins because of their small size. In New Zealand, they are also called Little Blue Penguins, or just Blue Penguins, because the stone-blue feathers, and they called Korora in Māori

Like all penguins, little penguins wings have evolved into flippers used for swimming. The Little Penguin typically grows between 30 and 33 cm (12 to 13 inches) tall and usually weighs around 1.5 kilograms on average (3.3 pounds). Head and upperparts, dark blue, with a stone-gray ear hairs white fade down, from the chin to the belly. The blue fin. Bill gray-black darkness is 3-4 cm long, pale iris, silver or bluish gray or brown and pink on its feet with black soles and webbing. An individual who is a minor will have a shorter bill and lighter upperparts.

Like most seabirds, they have longevity. On average for the species is 6.5 years, but flipper ringing trial show in very exceptional cases up to 25 years in captivity.

The Little Penguin descent along the entire coast of New Zealand, Chatham Islands, and southern Australia (including around 20,000 pairs in Babel Island).

Little penguins have also been reported from Chile (where they are known as Pequeno or pinguino pinguino Azul) (Isla Chanaral 1996, Playa de Santo Domingo, San Antonio, March 16, 1997) and South Africa, it is not clear whether the bird vagrants.

Rough estimates (as new colonies continue to be discovered) of the world population is about 350.000 to 600,000 animals. This species is not considered endangered, except for White-flippered subspecies found only on Banks Peninsula and near Motunau Island in New Zealand. Since the late 1960s, the mainland population has decreased by 60-70%, although there has been a small increase in Motunau Island. But overall Little Penguin population has declined as well, with some colonies that have been deleted and others directly at risk population. However, the new colony was established in urban areas.

The biggest threat for the Little Penguin population has predasi (including the destruction of nests) from cats, foxes, large reptiles, foxes, and weasels. Because of their small size and the introduction of new predators, some colonies have decreased in size by 98% in just a few years, such as small colonies in Middle Island, near Warrnambool, Victoria, which was reduced from about 600 penguins in 2001 to less than 10 in year 2005. Because of the threat of colony collapse, conservationists pioneered experimental techniques using Maremma Sheepdogs to protect the colony and ward off potential predators.

Killer Whale The Incredible Animal

Killer whales (Orcinus orca), also referred to as the orca whale or orca, and less commonly as the blackfish, is a toothed whale belonging to the ocean dolphin family. Killer whales are found in all oceans, from the cold Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical seas. Killer whales as a species have a different diet, although individual populations often specialize in particular types of prey. Some foods exclusively on fish, while others hunt marine mammals such as sea lions, seals, sea lions, and even large whales. Killer whales are regarded as apex predators, lack of natural predators.

Killer whales are very social, some population consisting of matrilineal family groups the most stable of any animal species. Sophisticated hunting techniques and vocal behaviors, which are often specific to a particular group and traffic generation, has been described as manifestations of culture.

IUCN when assessing the conservation status of orca as the lack of data due to the possibility that two or more types of killer whales are a separate species. Some locals are considered threatened or endangered due to prey depletion, habitat loss, pollution (by PCBs), capture for marine mammal parks, and conflicts with fisheries. At the end of 2005, the "southern resident" killer whale populations that inhabit British Columbia and Washington state waters placed on the U.S. Endangered Species list.

Wild killer whales are not considered a threat to humans, although there are cases of captives killing or injuring their handlers at marine parks. Killer whales feature strongly in mythology indigenous cultures, with their reputation ranging from becoming the human soul for the killer mercilessly.

Type

Three to five types of killer whales may be different enough to be considered different races, subspecies, or possibly even species. The IUCN reported in 2008, "The taxonomy of this genus is clearly require review, and the possibility that O. orca will be split into several different species or subspecies for at least the next several years." In the 1970s and the 1980s, research off the west coast of Canada and the United States identified the following three types:

Resident: These are the most frequently seen of the three populations in the coastal waters of the northeast Pacific. People's diet consists mainly of fish and sometimes squid, and they live in complex family groups called pods and cohesive. Special female population was rounded dorsal fin Tips stop in sharp corners. They visit the same areas consistently. British Columbia and Washington's population is one of the most intensive marine mammals studied. Researchers have identified and named over 300 killer whales over the past 30 years.

Transient: The diet consists almost entirely of whale marine mammals. Transients generally travel in small groups, usually of two to six animals, and have less persistent family bonds than residents. Transients vocalize in less distinct dialect and less complex. Transient woman marked with more rounded dorsal fin and pointed out the population. District of gray or white around the dorsal fin, known as the "saddle patch", often contains some black color in the community. However, the saddle patches of transients are solid and uniformly gray. Transients roam wide along the coast, a few individuals were seen in both southern Alaska and California. Transients also known as Bigg killer whales in honor of Michael Bigg. The term has become more common and eventually replace the label transients.

Offshore: A third population of killer whales in the northeast Pacific was discovered in 1988, when a humpback whale researcher observed them in open water. As the name suggests, they travel far from shore and feed primarily on fish school. However, because a large dorsal fin and hollow scar resembling those of mammal-hunting transients, they may also eat mammals and sharks. They mostly have been found off the west coast of Vancouver Island and near the Queen Charlotte Islands. Offshores usually congregate in groups of 20-75, with occasional sightings of larger groups of up to 200. Currently, little is known about their habits, but they are genetically distinct from residents and transients. Offshores looks smaller than the other, and women who are characterized by dorsal fin tips that continue to be rounded.

Transients and residents live in the same areas, but avoid each other.The name "transient" originated from the belief that the killer whale is the waste from a larger population of pod. Researchers later discovered transients are not born into resident pods or vice-versa. The break between the two groups believed evolution had begun two million years ago. Genetic data show no inter type to 10,000 years.

Other populations has not been well studied, although specialized killer whale fish-eating and mammal-eating have been distinguished elsewhere. Separate populations of fish-eating and mammal-eating killer whales have been identified around the United Kingdom. Fish-eating killer whales in Alaska and Norway have people like social structures, while mammal eating killer whales in Argentina and the Crozet Islands behave more like transients.

Three types have been documented in the Antarctic. Two dwarf species, named Orcinus nanus and Orcinus glacialis, described for the year 1980 by Soviet researchers, but most researchers Cetacea skeptical about their status, and connect it directly to the types described below confidential.

• Type A looks like a whale "special" killer, a great shape, black and white with white secondary blindfold, living in open water and feeding largely on minke whales.
• Type B is smaller than type A. Have a great white blindfold. A large part of the body is a medium dark gray, not black, despite having a dark gray patch called a "dorsal cape" stretching back from the forehead to just behind its dorsal fin. Pretty yellow colored white district. It feeds largely on seals.
• Type C is the smallest type and lives in larger groups than the others. Its blindfold special leaning forward, not aligned with the body axis. Like Type B, it mainly white and middle gray, with dorsal robe dark gray and yellow-tinged patches. Only observed prey is the Antarctic cod.
• Type D is identified based on photographs from 1955 mass stranding in New Zealand and six at sea sightings since 2004. This will be known by a very small lid white, shorter than usual dorsal fin, and a round head (similar to a pilot whale). Rate Spread geography seems to subantarctic waters between latitudes 40 ° S and 60 ° S. And although nothing is known about the diet type D, is believed to include fish because groups have been photographed around the ship in which they were reported to hook Patagonian toothfish prey (Dissostichus eleginoides).

Types B and C live close to the ice pack, and diatoms in these waters may be responsible for the yellowish coloring of both types. Mitochondrial DNA sequences support the theory that recently deviate separate species. More recently, complete mitochondrial sequencing indicates two Antarctic groups that eat seals and fish should be recognized as a distinct species, as should the North Pacific transients, leaving the others as subspecies pending additional data.

This study is ongoing into the genetic relationships among killer whale types, and what sort of represent deep evolutionary trends. For example, killer whales eating mammals that old thinking probably closely related to other mammal-eating killer whales from different regions, but genetic testing argue this hypothesis.

Description

A special customized killer whale black bear back, white chest and sides, and a white patch above and behind the eyes. Calves are born with a yellowish or orange tint, which fades to white. Has a strong weight and with a large dorsal fin up to 2 m (6.6 ft). At the back fin, have a gray "saddle patch" behind the dark. Antarctic killer whales may have pale gray almost white on the back. Very special adult killer whale is not usually confused with any other sea creature.

When viewed from a distance, teens can be confused with other cetacean species, such as the false killer whale or Risso's dolphin. Killer whale teeth are very strong and sealed enamel. Gripping jaws are powerful tools, because the upper teeth fall into the gap between the lower teeth when the mouth is closed. Front teeth inclined slightly forward and to the outside, allowing the killer whale to withstand powerful pull motion of the prey while the middle and back teeth continue to remain in place.

Killer whales are the remaining members of the largest of the dolphin family. Men typically ranges between 6 and 8 meters (20 to 26 ft) long and weighing more than 6 tons (5.9 long tons, 6.6 short tons). Women are smaller, generally ranging from 5 to 7 m (16 to 23 feet) and weighing about 3 to 4 tons (3.0 to 3.9 long tons, from 3.3 to 4.4 short tons). The biggest killer whale on record man is 9.8 m (32 ft), weighing more than 10 tonnes (9.8 long tons, 11 short tons), while the largest female was 8.5 m (28 ft), weight 7, 5 tonnes (7.4 long tons; 8.3 short tons) [54]. Calves at birth weigh about 180 kg (400 lb) and about 2.4 m (7.9 ft) long.

Large size and strength of the killer whale made among the fastest marine mammals, able to reach speeds of over 30 knots (56 km / h). Frame structure delphinid killer whale is special, but stronger. Her integumentary, unlike most dolphin species to another, marked by a growing layer of dense networks fasikula dermal collagen fibers.

Killer whale pectoral fins are large and rounded, resembling paddles. Male pectoral fins are significantly larger than females. At about 1.8 m (5.9 ft) male dorsal fin is more than twice the size of her and more of a triangular shape-tall, elongated isosceles triangle-whereas hers is shorter and more curved. Men and women also have different patterns of black and white in their genital area. Sexual Dimorfisme also appears in the skull, adult males have long lower jaw of the female, and have greater occipital crest.

An individual killer whales can often be identified from the dorsal fin and saddle patch it. Variations such as nicks, scratches, and tears on the dorsal fin and the pattern of white or gray in the saddle patch are unique. Published directories contain identifying photographs and names for hundreds of North Pacific animals. Photo identification has enabled the local population of killer whales to be counted each year of the budget, and have allowed an insight into the life cycle and social structure.
White killer whales occur sporadically but rare among normal killer whales, they have been seen in the northern Bering Sea and around St. Lawrence Island, and near the Russian coast. In February 2008, a white killer whale photographed 2 miles (3.2 km) from Kanaga Volcano in the Aleutian Islands.

Killer whales have good eyesight above and below the water, good hearing and a good sense of touch. They have a very sophisticated echolocation abilities, detecting the location and characteristics of prey and other objects in their environment by emitting clicks and listening to the echo.

Range and habitat

Killer whales are found in all oceans and most seas. Because of their large range, numbers and density, distribution arrangements difficult to compare, but they clearly prefer higher latitude and coastal areas over pelagic environments.
This systematic review shows the highest density of killer whales (> 0.40 pieces per 100 km ²) in the northeast Atlantic around the Norwegian coast, in the north Pacific along the Aleutian Islands, the Gulf of Alaska and in the Southern Ocean off the coast of Antarctica lot.

They are considered "common" (from 0.20 to 0.40 individuals per 100 km ²) in the eastern Pacific along the coast of British Columbia, Washington and Oregon, in the North Atlantic Ocean around Iceland and the Faroe Islands. High density has also been reported but are not counted in the western North Pacific around the Sea of ​​Japan, Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Kuril Islands, Kamchatka and the Commander Islands and in the southern hemisphere off the coast of South Australia, Patagonia, off the coast of southern Brazil and the southern tip of Africa. They are reported as seasonally common in the Canadian Arctic, including Baffin Bay between Greenland and Nunavut, and around Tasmania and Macquarie Island. Information for offshore regions and tropical waters are increasingly rare, but the appearance of the area, if not always, shows the killer whale can survive in most water temperatures. They have been seen, for example, in the Mediterranean, the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the Indian Ocean around the Seychelles.

Probably the largest population lives in Antarctic waters, where they range up to the edge of the ice layer and is believed to tour the compact ice, finding open leads like beluga whales in the Arctic. In contrast, killer whales summer seasonal guests to Arctic waters, where they do not approach the ice. With the decline of Arctic sea ice in Hudson Strait fast, their coverage has now spread deep into the northwest Atlantic.

Migration patterns are poorly understood. Each summer, the same individuals appear off the coast of British Columbia and Washington. Despite decades of research, where these animals go for the rest of this year is not yet known. Transient pods have been seen from southern Alaska to central California. Killer whale population is sometimes a visit by 160 km (100 miles) in a day, but can be seen in the general area for a month or more. Killer whale pod ranges vary from 320 residents to 1,300 kilometers (200-810 miles).

Occasionally, killer whales swim into freshwater rivers. They have been documented 100 miles (160 km) along the Columbia River in the United States. They have also been found in the Fraser River in Canada and the Horikawa River in Japan.

Population

Estimated population around the world is uncertain, but recent consensus indicates the absolute minimum of 50.000  local arrangements including about 25,000 in the Antarctic, 8,500 in the tropical Pacific, the sea air off the Pacific from 2.250 to 2.700 and from 500 to 1.500 off . Norway. Japanese Fisheries Office estimated 2,321 killer whales in the seas around Japan.

Common Dolphin The Attractive Animal

Common dolphin is the name given to two species (and possibly a third) of dolphin making up the genus Delphinus.

Before the mid-1990s, taxonomists identified only one species in this genus, the dolphin Delphinus delphis general. Modern Cetologists usually recognize two species - the dolphin Short-beaked common, defending Delphinus delphis systematic name, and long-beaked dolphin Delphinus capensis general. Some studies show that a third species, the common dolphin Emirates (D. tropicalis), can be characterized by extremely long and thin beak and found in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean.

Common dolphin dolphin is not popular imagination despite its name, a difference that is owned by dolphin bottle as widely used in marine parks and appearance on the television series Flipper. However, this dolphin is most often represented in art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome.

The two species of common dolphins are medium sized dolphin. Adults range between 1.9 and 2.5 meters (6.2 and 8.2 ft) long, and can weigh between 80 and 235 kilograms (180 and 520 lb), although the range between 80 and 150 kilograms (180 and 330 lb) more generally. Men generally longer and heavier. Color pattern on the body is not normal. Dark back and white belly, while on each side is hourglass pattern in gray, yellow or gold in front and dirty gray in back. They have long, thin rostrums up to 50-60 small, sharp teeth on each side of the jaw mutually respectively.

Although historical practice genus Delphinus lumping them into one species, dolphins are widely distributed show a wide range of sizes, shapes and colors. It last for decades more than 20 different species in the genus has been proposed. Scientists in California in 1960 concluded that there are two species - the long and short beaked beaked. This analysis essentially confirmed by a further study of genetic in the 1990s. The study also shows that a third species (D. tropicalis, common name usually common dolphin Arabic), characterized by extremely long and thin beak and found in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, may be distinguished from the long-beaked species. Standard taxonomic works of seconds to realize this is just as various regions.

Bottlenose Dolphin Are Intelligent Animals

Description

Bottle dolphins, the genus Tursiops, are the most common member and well-known family Delphinidae, the family of marine dolphin. Recent molecular studies show the genus contains two species, common bottle dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and the Indo-Pacific bottle dolphin (Tursiops aduncus), instead of one. Study in 2011 revealed a third species, Burrunan dolphin (Tursiops australis). They inhabit warm seas and being around the world.

Bottle dolphins usually live in clusters of 10-30 members, called pods, but group size varies from single individuals up to more than 1,000. Their diet consists mainly of fish food. Dolphins often work as a team to harvest fish schools, but they also hunt individually. Dolphins use echolocation to find survivors, which is similar to sonar. They emit sound pressing and listen to Echos back to determine the location and shape of the side items, including potential prey. Bottle dolphins also use sound for communication, including creaking and whistles emitted from the spray holes and the sound emitted through body language, such as leaping from the water and slapping their tails on the water surface.

There is a lot of research intelligence dolphin bottle. The study of dolphin mimikri bottles were examined, the use of artificial language, object categorization and self-recognition. Their great intelligence has driven interaction with humans. Dolphin bottle popular from aquarium events and television programs such as Flipper. They have also been trained by the military to locate sea mines or detecting and marking enemy divers. In some areas, they work with local fishermen by driving fish into their nets and eating the fish that escape. Some encounters with humans that is harmful to the dolphins: people hunt them for food, and dolphins killed accidentally as bycatch of tuna fishing.

They are gray, varying from dark gray at the top near the dorsal fin to the gray that is very light and almost white at the bottom. Countershading this makes them difficult to see, both from above and below, when swimming. Adult length ranges between 2 and 4 meters (6.6 and 13 ft), and weigh between 150 and 650 kilograms (330 and 1,400 lb). Men, on average, slightly longer and much heavier than females. In most of the world, the length of an adult is approximately 2.5 m (8.2 ft), with a weight range between 200 and 300 kilograms (440 and 660 lb). Their size varies with habitat. Except in the eastern Pacific, dolphins in the warm, shallow waters tend to be smaller than cold, pelagic waters. A study on the Moray Firth in Scotland, the population of dolphins second most northerly in the world, recorded an average adult length of just under 4 m (13 ft) compared to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) on average in a population off the coast of Florida.

Bottle dolphins can live for more than 40 years. However, a study of the population off Sarasota, Florida shows the average age of 20 years or less.

Physilogy and Sense

In cold waters, they have more body fat and blood, and more suitable to dive deeper. Typically, 18% -20% of their body weight is fat. The bulk of research in this area has been blocked North Atlantic Ocean . Bottle dolphins usually swim at 5-11 km / h (1.4 to 3.1 m / s), but was able to spray up to 29-35 km / h (8.1 to 9.7 m / s). Higher speeds can only be sustained for a short time.

Echolocation

Dolphins search for food aided by the form of sonar known as echolocation: they look for things to produce a voice and listen to Echos. A broadband explosion clicking sound pulses emitted in the figure is focused in front of the dolphin. To listen to the echo back, they have two small ear openings behind the eyes, but most sound waves sent into middle ear through the lower jaw. As an interesting object approached, the echo grows harder, and dolphins adjust by decreasing the intensity of the emitted sound. (This contrasts with bats and sonar, which reduce sensitivity of the sound receptor.) Interclick interval also decreases as the animals approached the target. Proven, dolphins wait echo each click before pressing again. Echolocation details, such as signal strength, high spectral, and discrimination, well-understood by researchers. Dolphin bottle also able to extract information form, indicating they are able to form "echoic image" or sound picture of their target.

Eyesight

Dolphins have sharp eyesight. Points located on the sides of the head and have a tapetum lucidum, or reflecting membrane, behind the retina, which aids vision in dim light. Horseshoe-shaped pupils, slit-fold allows the dolphins to have good vision both in air and under water, despite the different densities of these media. When under water, eyeball lens serves to focus light, whereas in the environment air, light, usually works for special pupils contract, until the sharpness from a smaller aperture (similar to a pinhole camera).

Smell

Instead, this bottle olfactory sense is poor, because its blowhole, analogue to the nose, closed and open only when the water to breathe. These have no olfactory nerves or olfactory lobe of the brain. Bottle dolphin can detect salty, sweet, bitter (quinine sulfate), and acid (citric acid) tastes, but this has not been well studied. Anecdotes, some animals in captivity have been recorded have the option of fish consumption, although it is unclear whether these mediate taste preference.

Communication

Bottle dolphins communicate through burst pulsed voice, whistles, and body language. Examples of body language include leaping out of the water, broken jaws, slapping tails on the surface and head butting. Voice and movement help detect other dolphins in the group, and to take other dolphins to danger and sustenance. Less vocal cords, they produce sounds using six air bags near their blow hole. Each has animals, uniquely identify frequency modulation-narrow-band vokalisasi signature (signature whistle).

Researchers from the Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute (BDRI), based in Sardinia (Italy) is now shown whistles and burst pulsed very important voice for animal social life and mirror their behavior.

Tonal whistle voice (the most melodious) allow dolphins to keep in touch with each other (above all, mothers and children), and to coordinate hunting strategies. Blast-beat sound (which is more complex and different from the whistles) are used "to avoid physical aggression in situations of high excitement", such as when they compete for the same piece of food, for example. Dolphins emit shrill voices when in front of other people moving toward the same victim. The "dominant" one will move away to avoid confrontation.

Other communication uses about 30 distinguishable voice, and even well-known proposed by John Lilly in the 1950s, no "dolphin language" were discovered. However, Herman, Richards, and Wolz show artificial language comprehension by two dolphins bottle (named Akeakamai and Phoenix) in the period following the skepticism toward animal language critic Herbert Terrace.

Indian Spotted Eagle a Big South Asian Bird

The Indian Spotted Eagle (Aquila hastata) is a large South Asian bird of prey. Like all typical eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. Special eagles are often united with buteos, sea eagles and other Accipitridae squat more, but lately they seem less clear than eagles accipitrine more slender.

Description

The Indian Spotted Eagle is about 60 cm long and has a wingspan of 150 cm. These are broad-headed, with a wide mouth of all spotted eagles. This species has a lighter color as a whole compared with the relatives, with dark iris that make eyes look darker than wool (not vice versa as in the northern spotted eagle). Adults can be said to be separate from the Greater Spotted Eagle with lighter colors, dark eyes, and habitat preferences. After about three or four months the young birds by the end of the glossy brown head and neck feathers are soft and give the appearance that appear. The top of the tail feathers are brown with white light gives the appearance prohibited. The median feathers have spots a large beige. After about eighteen months bird moults and becomes a darker color and have a small dots. Some older teens, not like the Lesser and Greater species, do not look strong at all, make public names are quite misleading, and also lack of neck patches of cream buff teen Lesser Spotted Eagle.

Distribution and Habitat

The Indian Spotted Eagle is native to Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Nepal, where it prefers subtropical and tropical dry forests into plantations and fertile soil. These are homeless in Pakistan. In Nepal, it is the residents and breed in Chitwan and Bardia National Park, in sukla Phanta and tappu Koshi Wildlife Reserves and in some protected areas of the Terai. In India, the Ganges plains distributed skimpy top, east to Manipur, in Madhya Pradesh and south Orissa, but in the south limited Kotagiri and Mudumalai, Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu and Tumakuru, Karnataka.

This species can often be approached closely enough for large raptors. Unlike the Greater Spotted Eagle, who was the guest of winter to Indian wetlands, this species showed no specific affinity for wetland habitats.

Systematics, Taxonomy and Evolution

The Indian Spotted Eagle was previously considered a subspecies of the eastern population of the Lesser Spotted Eagle, but has proven to be quite distinct and easily separated by morphology, sequence data behavior, ecology and DNA. India seems to have wandered descent around the middle Pliocene, probably some 3.6 million years ago, the ancestors of the Lesser and Greater Spotted Eagles. The "proto-Spotted Eagle" may reside in the general area of ​​Afghanistan, which is divided into northern and southern lineages when both advanced glaciers and deserts of Central Asia as the last ice age began.

Eagle spotted as a group are very different from the typical members of Aquila, "the true hawks". They may be separated in Lophaetus, Ictinaetus or genus of their own in the near future.

Rescued Eagle Java From Extinction

Eagle Java (Nisaetus bartelsi) is one of the endemic species of eagle size in Java. Animals considered synonymous with the emblem of the Republic of Indonesia, Garuda. And since 1992, is hereby designated as a mascot bird endangered Malaysia

Identification

Eagle medium to large sized, slender, with a body length of 60-70 cm (from tip of beak to tip of tail).

Head reddish brown (Kadru), with a prominent high peak (2-4 hairs, up to 12 cm) and neck yellowish brown (gold sometimes visible when exposed to the sun). Crest black with white tips; crown and black mustache, dark brown while the back and wings. Whiteness by line (actually a line) in the middle longitudinal black throat. Down to the chest, black streak scattered pale brownish yellow color, which in the end at the bottom again transformed into a pattern of lines (snippet) sawomatang meeting until the brownish red cross hairs pale white belly and legs. Feathers on the legs near the extremity near the base of the finger. Tail dark brown with four lines and a clear cross wide at the bottom, the tail end of the thin white lines. Females are the same color, a little larger.

Iris yellow or brownish, blackish half, sera (meat in the bottom half of the) yellow, foot (finger) yellow. Young bird with head, neck and the underside of the body light cinnamon brown, with no scratches or lines.

When you fly, eagle eagle eagle similar Java (Nisaetus cirrhatus) light design, but tend seem more brownish, with stomach look darker and slightly smaller.

A high shrill voice, repetitive, or ii klii-iiw-iiiw, varied between one and three syllables. Or high-pitched voice and quickly KQ-KQ-KQ-KQ-KQ In a way, this is similar to the eagle hawk his voice sound even though the differences are quite clear in his tone.

Distribution, Ecology and Conversation

Limited the spread eagle on the island of Java, from west (Park is home) to the eastern end of the peninsula Blambangan Purwo. However, distribution is now limited in the area of ​​primary forest and wooded hills in the area at the turn of the low plains to the mountains. Some were found in the southern part of the island of Java. Presumably these birds living specializing in the incline.

Java eagle as tropical rain forest ecosystem that is always green, in the lowland, and in places higher. Starting from the area close to the beach as in Ujung Kulon and Meru Betiri, to the forests and mountains to an altitude of 2200 meters and sometimes 3000 meters above sea level.

In general live eagles jawa difficult to achieve, though not always far from human activity. Presumably this bird is highly dependent on the existence of primary forest as a place of life. Although the eagle was found that the use of secondary forests as hunting and nesting, but located close to the primary forest.

Birds of prey that hunt from perches high in the trees in the forest. With fast and agile prey attacking various branches of trees or on the ground that, as a wide variety of reptiles, birds similar Walik, pigeons, and even chickens. Also small mammals such as squirrels secondary and squirrels, bats, raccoons, monkeys reach of children.

Spawning period recorded from January to June. Nest is set high pile of leafy twigs, made in branches high above the ground 20-30. Eggs of a point, which was incubated for approximately 47 days.

Nest tree is kind of tall forest trees, such as Rasamala (Altingia excelsa), pairs (Lithocarpus sundaicus), tusam (Pinus), flowers (Schima wallichii), and ki sireum (Eugenia clavimyrtus). Not always deep in the forest, a distance of only a few nests found 200-300 m from the recreation.

Habitat, spread eagle Java rare. So even though the share of regional total only about 137-188 pairs of birds, or the estimated number of individuals ranged from 600 to 1000 tail hawks. small populations face the greatest threat to sustainability, because of habitat loss and exploitation genre. Illegal logging and forest conversion into agricultural land has reduced the primary forest cover in Java. Meanwhile, the eagles continue to be the hunted to be traded on the black market as pets. Because of its scarcity, the bird seems to defend the pride, and in turn make this bird soaring prices.

Given the small population, limited distribution and high-pressure region faced, the global conservation organization IUCN including Java eagle into the status of EN (Endangered, threatened). Similarly, the Government of Indonesia to set as protected by law.