Emperor Penguin is The Big Penguin Species

The Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica. Men and women are equal in the fur and size, reaching 122 cm (48 in) tall and weigh anywhere from 22 to 45 kg (49-99 lb). Dorsal side and head are black and sharp reflected from the breast, white belly pale-yellow and bright-yellow ear patches. Like all penguins to fly, with slender bodies, and rigid wings and flattened into flippers for a marine habitat.

Diet consists mainly of fish, but can also include crustaceans, such as krill, and squid, like cuttlefish. In hunting, the species can remain submerged up to 18 minutes, diving to a depth of 535 m (1,755 ft). It has several adaptations to facilitate this, including normal hemoglobin structured to allow for work at low oxygen levels, strong bones to reduce barotrauma, and the ability to reduce metabolism and shut down non-essential organ functions.

The Emperor Penguin is perhaps best known for the sequence of trips made each year adults to mate and to feed their children. The only penguin species that breed during the Antarctic winter, it treks 50-120 km (31-75 miles) on the ice for the colony that could include thousands of individuals. Females lay a egg, which was incubated by the male while females return to the sea to feed, parents then take turns foraging at sea and treat their chickens in the colony. Age 20 years usually in the wild, although observations indicate that some individuals may live up to 50 years.

Emperor Penguin adults stand to 110-130 cm (43-51 in) high. Weight ranges from 22.7 to 45.4 kg (50 to 100 lb) and varies by sex, with males weighing more than females. This is the fifth heaviest living species of birds, after only deviations greater than ratite. Weight also varies by season, as both male and female penguins lose substantial mass will raising hatchlings and incubating eggs. A male Emperor penguin must withstand the Antarctic cold for more than two months to protect his eggs from extreme cold. During this entire time he does not eat anything. Most male penguins will lose about 12 kg (26 lb) while they wait for their babies to hatch. Average weight of male in the early mating season is 38 kg (84 lb) and that woman is 29.5 kg (65 lb). After the mating season is down to 23 kg (51 lb) for both sexes.

Like all penguin species, the Emperor has a streamlined body to minimize barriers while swimming, and wings that have become stiff, flat flippers. The tongue is equipped with rear-facing barbs to prevent prey from escaping when caught. Males and females are similar in size and coloring. The adults have a black dorsal feathers deep, covering the head, chin, throat, back, dorsal part of the flippers, and tail. The sharp black feather plumage light reflected from elsewhere. The hamster from the wings and belly are white, becoming pale yellow on the upper breast, while the ear patches are bright yellow. Upper mandible of the 8 cm (3 in.) long black bill, and the lower mandible can be pink, orange or purple. In adolescence, auricularis patch, chin and throat are white, while the bill is black.The Emperor Penguin chick is usually covered with silver-gray down and has a black head and white mask. A girl with white feathers found in 2001, but not considered to be albino because do not have pink eye. Chicks weigh around 315 g (11 oz) after hatching, and fledge when they reach about 50% of the adult weight.

The Emperor Penguin feathers dark brown faded from November to February, before the yearly moult in January and February. Moulting occurs rapidly in this species compared with other birds, taking only around 34 days. Emperor Penguin feathers emerge from the skin after they have grown-third of their total length, and before old feathers are lost, to help reduce heat loss. New feathers then push out the old before completing their growth.

Survival level annual average of the Emperor Penguin has been measured at 95.1%, with average life expectancy of 19.9 years. The same researchers estimated that 1% of Emperor Penguins hatched could feasibly reach the age of 50. In contrast, only 19% of chicks survive their first year of life. Therefore, 80% of the Emperor Penguin population comprises adults five years and older.

Little Penguin The Unique Animal

The Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin. Penguin, which normally grow to an average of 33 cm (13 in) high and 43 cm (17 in) long (although specific measurements vary according to subspecies), is found on the southern coast of Australia and New Zealand, with possible records from Chile.

In addition to small Penguins, they have several common names. In Australia, they are also referred to as Fairy Penguins because of their small size. In New Zealand, they are also called Little Blue Penguins, or just Blue Penguins, because the stone-blue feathers, and they called Korora in Māori

Like all penguins, little penguins wings have evolved into flippers used for swimming. The Little Penguin typically grows between 30 and 33 cm (12 to 13 inches) tall and usually weighs around 1.5 kilograms on average (3.3 pounds). Head and upperparts, dark blue, with a stone-gray ear hairs white fade down, from the chin to the belly. The blue fin. Bill gray-black darkness is 3-4 cm long, pale iris, silver or bluish gray or brown and pink on its feet with black soles and webbing. An individual who is a minor will have a shorter bill and lighter upperparts.

Like most seabirds, they have longevity. On average for the species is 6.5 years, but flipper ringing trial show in very exceptional cases up to 25 years in captivity.

The Little Penguin descent along the entire coast of New Zealand, Chatham Islands, and southern Australia (including around 20,000 pairs in Babel Island).

Little penguins have also been reported from Chile (where they are known as Pequeno or pinguino pinguino Azul) (Isla Chanaral 1996, Playa de Santo Domingo, San Antonio, March 16, 1997) and South Africa, it is not clear whether the bird vagrants.

Rough estimates (as new colonies continue to be discovered) of the world population is about 350.000 to 600,000 animals. This species is not considered endangered, except for White-flippered subspecies found only on Banks Peninsula and near Motunau Island in New Zealand. Since the late 1960s, the mainland population has decreased by 60-70%, although there has been a small increase in Motunau Island. But overall Little Penguin population has declined as well, with some colonies that have been deleted and others directly at risk population. However, the new colony was established in urban areas.

The biggest threat for the Little Penguin population has predasi (including the destruction of nests) from cats, foxes, large reptiles, foxes, and weasels. Because of their small size and the introduction of new predators, some colonies have decreased in size by 98% in just a few years, such as small colonies in Middle Island, near Warrnambool, Victoria, which was reduced from about 600 penguins in 2001 to less than 10 in year 2005. Because of the threat of colony collapse, conservationists pioneered experimental techniques using Maremma Sheepdogs to protect the colony and ward off potential predators.